Salt lakes, or salinas, are shallow coastal wetlands with high salt content. They are formed naturally through tidal exchange or evaporation and are often bordered by coral or limestone ridges. These ecosystems are home to unique wildlife, including flamingos, fish, crustaceans, and migratory birds. Conserving salinas means protecting their ecological function, restoring degraded areas, and preventing pollution and encroachment.
Effective conservation involves maintaining natural water flow, controlling sediment and nutrient pollution, and protecting surrounding vegetation. Restoration may include removing barriers to tidal exchange, replanting native species, and monitoring water quality and biodiversity. Conservation also requires integrating salinas into land-use planning and protected area networks.
Salinas contribute to climate adaptation by acting as natural buffers against flooding and storm surges. They absorb excess rainwater and reduce coastal erosion. Their soils store carbon, helping to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Healthy salinas also support biodiversity, which strengthens ecosystem resilience to climate stressors like drought and sea level rise.
Feasibility & Local Applicability
Local success depends on strong collaboration between governments, NGOs, and communities. Key factors include clear land-use policies, technical capacity, and long-term funding. Barriers may include limited data, competing land uses (e.g. tourism or development), and lack of awareness. Pilot projects in Bonaire and Aruba show that restoration is possible but requires sustained effort and community engagement.
Co-benefits
Beyond climate adaptation, salina conservation supports tourism, education, and cultural heritage. These wetlands attract birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts, contributing to local economies. They also offer opportunities for environmental education and scientific research. Restored salinas improve water quality and support fisheries, benefiting local livelihoods.
Equity & Vulnerability Considerations
Conservation efforts should actively include vulnerable groups such as fishers, women, and youth. Projects must be designed to ensure fair access to benefits and avoid displacement. Participation from local communities is essential for long-term success. Frameworks like the Escazú Agreement promote inclusive decision-making and environmental justice in the Caribbean.
Costs
Costs vary depending on the level of degradation and restoration needed. Major cost factors include technical assessments, infrastructure for water flow restoration, community engagement, and long-term monitoring. Funding may come from EU LIFE, national budgets, and international climate and biodiversity funds such as BESTLIFE2030.
Literature
de Boer, R. A., Molenaar, R. E., Dankers, R., van Klaveren, S., de Rooij, B., & Verweij, P. (2023). Nature-based Solutions for flood resilience on Bonaire: A scoping study (No. 3292). Wageningen Environmental Research.