Coastal setbacks are rules that prevent buildings and infrastructure from being constructed too close to the shoreline. These rules define a minimum distance from the coast or a minimum elevation above sea level where development is not allowed. The goal is to reduce damage from coastal erosion, flooding, and rising sea levels. By keeping development away from high-risk areas, coastal setbacks help protect people, property, and ecosystems.
Feasibility & Local Applicability
On small islands, coastal setbacks are increasingly relevant due to rising sea levels and stronger storms. Before coastal setbacks can be specified, detailed hazard maps, risk assessments and vulnerability studies are needed. These tools make it easier to identify where setbacks should be applied. However, setbacks are most effective when used before an area is developed. In already built-up zones, applying setbacks can be more difficult and costly, requiring relocation or redesign of infrastructure.
Co-benefits
- Environmental protection: Setbacks help preserve beaches, dunes, and coastal vegetation, which act as natural buffers.
- Disaster risk reduction: They lower the risk of damage from hurricanes and flooding.
- Community awareness: Setbacks encourage public understanding of climate risks and promote safer development practices.
- Support for nature-based solutions: They can be combined with mangrove restoration or beach nourishment for added resilience
Equity & Vulnerability Considerations
Setbacks must be designed with fairness in mind. In areas where informal settlements exist near the coast, enforcing setbacks could displace vulnerable communities. Therefore, planning should include: community engagement, support for relocation and access to safe and affordable housing inland.
This ensures that climate adaptation does not worsen social inequalities.
Costs
Low- High | Costs vary widely, they will be low if applied before development (mainly planning and mapping). If existing infrastructure must be moved or rebuilt costs will be much higher. Key cost components include land acquisition, planning, public outreach, and infrastructure relocation
Case-studies & Examples
Literature
- Sealey, K. S. (2024). Assessing coastal vulnerability and climate resilience for Caribbean small island states using ecological principles. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 105, 104410.
- Smith, D., Mussington, T., & Warner, P. (2022). COASTAL SETBACK PRACTICES IN THE CARIBBEAN AND OTHER SIDS: A TOOL FOR ENHANCING RESILIENCE. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, (37), 106-106.