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Increased enforcement and patrols in natural parks

Increasing enforcement and patrols in natural parks means strengthening the capacity to monitor, inspect, and protect marine and terrestrial protected areas. This includes hiring and training officers, improving coordination between park authorities, coastguards, and law enforcement, and ensuring compliance with environmental laws. In the Caribbean, natural parks are under pressure from illegal dumping, overgrazing, and unsustainable tourism. Enhanced enforcement helps maintain ecosystem health, which is essential for climate adaptation because healthy ecosystems buffer storm surges, reduce coastal erosion, and support biodiversity critical for resilience. 

Feasibility & Local Applicability

Enforcement is feasible but requires coordination among multiple institutions, including coastguards, police, park management organizations, and public prosecutors. Curaçao’s Nature Policy Plan and similar frameworks in Aruba and St. Martin already recognize enforcement as a priority. However, fragmented responsibilities and limited budgets pose challenges. Strengthening collaboration and investing in training for environmental officers can make this option more effective. 

Co-benefits

Better enforcement protects coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass beds, which are natural defenses against climate impacts. It also improves tourism quality by preserving scenic landscapes and marine life, supporting local economies. Strong enforcement reduces pollution and overfishing, contributing to food security and healthier ecosystems that store carbon and regulate water cycles. 

Equity & Vulnerability Considerations

Effective enforcement can benefit vulnerable coastal communities by safeguarding resources they depend on for livelihoods. However, it must be implemented fairly to avoid disproportionate impacts on small-scale fishers or local residents. Community engagement and education can help build trust and ensure compliance without creating social tensions. 

Costs

Medium | Costs include salaries for enforcement officers, patrol equipment, and training programs. Funding can come from tourism revenues, environmental fines,  conservation grants, and climate adaptation programs. 

Case-studies & Examples

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Literature

Adaptation Options Overview