Reducing pollution in surface and coastal waters involves tackling runoff from land, untreated wastewater, and industrial discharges that flow into the sea. In island environments like Curaçao, Aruba, and St. Martin, these pollutants can severely damage coral reefs, salinas (salt flats), and other coastal ecosystems. By improving wastewater treatment, managing agricultural runoff, and controlling erosion, water quality can be restored. This helps protect biodiversity and strengthens the resilience of ecosystems against climate change impacts such as rising sea temperatures and extreme weather.
Feasibility & Local Applicability
This adaptation option is feasible but requires tailored approaches for each island. Local studies are essential to understand the sources and types of pollutants.
Co-benefits
Cleaner coastal waters benefit not only ecosystems but also people. Healthy reefs and salinjas support fisheries, tourism, and recreation. Improved water quality reduces health risks from contaminated water and enhances the appeal of beaches and marine areas for visitors. These benefits contribute to economic stability and community well-being.
Equity & Vulnerability Considerations
Pollution often affects vulnerable communities the most, especially those living near discharge points or relying on coastal resources for their livelihoods. Adaptation efforts must include these groups in planning and decision-making. Education and awareness campaigns can empower local residents to participate in monitoring and protecting water quality.
Costs
Medium - High | Costs vary depending on the scale and type of intervention. Upgrading wastewater treatment facilities, restoring salinas, and implementing erosion control measures require significant investment. However, these costs can be offset by long-term savings in health care, disaster recovery, and tourism revenue. Funding can come from public-private partnerships, international donors, and climate adaptation programs.
Case-studies & Examples
Literature
- Foekema, E., Slijkerman, D., Meesters, E., & van der Geest, M. (2021). Framework for a water quality monitoring program for the Caribbean Netherlands. (Wageningen Marine Research report; No. C074/21). Wageningen Marine Research
- Nature Policy Plan Curacao 2024 – 2030. Ministry of Health, Environment & Nature
- Plan for Land & Water. NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT POLICY PLAN CARIBBEAN NETHERLANDS 2020 -2030. Ministries of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Infrastructure and Water Management and Interior and Kingdom relations of The Netherlands.