Solid waste management is a growing challenge in Caribbean islands due to high waste generation, especially from tourism, and limited landfill space. Inadequate systems lead to pollution, blocked drains, and increased flood risks. Improving waste collection, recycling, and disposal helps reduce land-based pollution and protects ecosystems. Measures like banning single-use plastics, promoting composting, and investing in circular economy solutions are already being explored in the region. 

Feasibility & Local Applicability

The technologies and systems needed for better waste management are well known and widely used. However, implementation requires investment in infrastructure, equipment, and public education. A phased rollout is possible, starting with high-impact areas such as tourist zones and flood-prone neighborhoods. 

Co-benefits

Improved waste management leads to cleaner beaches, healthier communities, and better stormwater drainage. It also enhances the tourism experience and reduces the risk of disease outbreaks. Recovered materials can be reused or turned into energy, supporting local economies and reducing dependence on imports.

Equity & Vulnerability Considerations

Low-income communities often face the worst impacts of poor waste management. Ensuring affordable waste services and involving residents in monitoring and clean-up efforts can improve outcomes and build trust. Education campaigns in schools and neighborhoods can help shift behaviors and increase participation.

Costs

Medium - High | Upfront costs for infrastructure and operations can be high. Other costs include adjusting or creating and enforcing legislation. Long-term savings come from reduced health costs, fewer flood damages, and increased tourism revenue. International partnerships and climate finance can support investments, as seen in projects like the “In No Plastic” initiative in Sint Maarten and UNEP’s Zero Waste Caribbean program.

Case-studies & Examples

• In No Plastic Project in Sint Maarten
• Think Green Keep Sint Maarten Clean Vision 2050
• New Waste Management Strategy Sint Maarten
• Mongabay. Can the circular economy help the Caribbean win its war against waste?
• UNEP Zero Waste in the Caribbean initiative
• Caribbean Waste Collective

Literature

• Bernache-Pérez, G., De Medina-Salas, L., Castillo-González, E., & Giraldi-Díaz, M. R. (2023). Strategies to Strengthen Integrated Solid Waste Management in Small Municipalities. Sustainability, 15(5), 4318
• Brooks, A., Jambeck, J., & Mozo-Reyes, E. (2020). Plastic Waste Management and Leakage in Latin America and the Caribbean
• Charles, D. (2022). Addressing Climate Change and Waste Management Challenges Through the Development of the Waste-to-Energy Value Chain for Trinidad and Tobago. In: Walker, T., Wendt, S., Goubran, S., Schwartz, T. (eds) Business and Policy Solutions to Climate Change. Palgrave Studies in Sustainable Business In Association with Future Earth. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
• Vonk, D. (2024). The role of clean-up initiatives in the circular economy transition on Curaçao.