Visitor caps involve setting limits on the number of tourists allowed on an island or at specific sites each day. This measure helps manage overtourism, which can strain infrastructure, degrade ecosystems, and increase vulnerability to climate impacts. By controlling visitor numbers, islands can reduce pressure on beaches, coral reefs, and water resources, which are already stressed by rising temperatures and sea-level rise. Caps can be enforced through reservation systems, daily quotas, or fees.
Feasibility & Local Applicability
For islands like Curaçao, Aruba, and St. Martin where tourism drives the economy but also amplifies climate risks, visitor caps might be feasible if integrated into broader sustainable tourism strategies. In-depth analysis is needed to evaluate how visitor caps can be implemented without affecting tourism dependent economies.
Many islands already use digital systems for entry (e.g., ED cards) and sustainability fees, which could support implementation. However, strong governance and stakeholder buy-in are essential, as tourism is a major revenue source. Gradual introduction, starting with sensitive areas such as marine parks or dune habitats, can make adoption more acceptable.
Co-benefits
Visitor caps not only protect ecosystems but also improve visitor experience by reducing overcrowding. They help maintain the cultural and natural character of destinations, which is vital for long-term tourism appeal. Limiting numbers can also lower greenhouse gas emissions from transport and reduce waste generation, contributing indirectly to climate mitigation.
Equity & Vulnerability Considerations
Caps must be designed to avoid disadvantaging local communities. For example, exemptions for residents or beach house owners can ensure continued access. Revenue from sustainability fees or permits can be reinvested in community projects and climate adaptation measures. Transparent decision-making and consultation with small businesses as well as compensation schemes are critical to prevent economic shocks for those reliant on tourism.
Costs
High | Implementing visitor caps involves administrative costs for monitoring systems, enforcement, and communication. Digital platforms and reservation systems can reduce overhead but require initial investment. Caps can significantly reduce tourism revenue, and this effect should be taken into account.
Case studies & Examples
Literature
- Peterson, R.R. (2023) Over the Caribbean Top: Community Well-Being and Over-Tourism in Small Island Tourism Economies. Int. Journal of Com. WB 6, 89–126.
- Peterson, R. R. (2020) Whence the twain shall meet: Weathering overtourism and climate change is nall island tourism economies.
- Robertson, H. M. (2022). A Proposed Tourism Cap on the Galapagos Islands: Beyond the Wildlife. Wm. & Mary Env't L. & Pol'y Rev., 47, 225.