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Solar parks & solar PV expansion

Expanding solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity involves installing large-scale solar parks and distributed rooftop systems on homes, businesses, and public spaces. Solar farms can be built on remediated sites, such as former landfills or oil refinery areas, while smaller PV systems can be integrated into parking lots, airports, and rooftops. This approach reduces reliance on imported fossil fuels, lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and makes energy systems more resilient to climate-related disruptions. Aruba has already completed a solar park at its airport, and Curaçao plans to build a solar park on the former Isla refinery site. These projects help islands move toward energy independence and climate adaptation by reducing exposure to fuel price volatility and supply chain risks.

The expansion of Solar parks and PV installation will also need investments in renewable energy storage technologies. 

Feasibility & Local Applicability

Solar PV is highly feasible in the Caribbean due to abundant sunlight and proven technology. Aruba and Curaçao have already demonstrated successful projects, and St. Martin has strong potential for rooftop PV given its dense urban layout. The main challenge is grid stability, as integrating intermittent solar power requires advanced management systems and energy storage solutions. Partnerships with international donors and private investors can help overcome financial and technical barriers.

Co-benefits

Solar parks and PV systems reduce carbon emissions and improve air quality, contributing to public health. They enhance energy security by lowering dependence on imported fuels and create opportunities for local jobs in installation and maintenance. Solar installations can also provide shade in public spaces, reducing heat stress and improving comfort.

Equity & Vulnerability Considerations

To ensure equitable access, governments can introduce subsidies or financing programs for low-income households to install rooftop PV. Community solar projects can allow renters and vulnerable groups to benefit from clean energy without owning property. Public engagement in planning helps ensure that projects meet local needs and avoid land-use conflicts.

Costs

Medium – High | Costs for solar PV have dropped significantly, making it one of the most affordable renewable options. However, large-scale solar parks require substantial upfront investment, especially when combined with storage systems for grid stability. Funding can come from public-private partnerships and climate finance programs. 

Case studies & Examples

Literature

Adaptation Options Overview