Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a simple and traditional method of collecting and storing rainwater for later use. In the Caribbean, where freshwater is limited and often sourced from expensive desalination, RWH offers a practical way to improve water security. Households typically collect rainwater from rooftops using gutters and downpipes, storing it in tanks or underground cisterns. This water can be used for gardening, cleaning, or even treated for drinking. In agricultural areas, techniques like farm ponds and contour trenching help capture rainwater for crops.
Feasibility & Local Applicability
Rainwater harvesting is already practiced in various forms across Curaçao, Aruba, and St. Martin. Many homes have sloped roofs suitable for collection, and cisterns are common, especially in older buildings. However, systems must be properly maintained to avoid contamination and mosquito breeding. Filters and cleaning routines are essential. While RWH is less effective during droughts or extreme floods, it remains a valuable supplement to other water sources.
Co-benefits
Besides improving water availability, RWH can help cool buildings by reducing heat absorption from roofs. It also supports urban greening, allowing residents to maintain gardens without relying on costly tap water. In agriculture, it reduces dependence on groundwater and improves crop resilience during dry spells.
Equity & Vulnerability Considerations
Rainwater harvesting can significantly benefit low-income households by reducing water bills and increasing self-sufficiency. To ensure equity, governments and NGOs should prioritize vulnerable communities when distributing tanks, filters, and water-saving kits. Public education on safe water storage and use is also key to maximizing benefits and minimizing health risks.
Costs
Low - Medium | The cost of RWH systems varies depending on size and complexity. Basic rooftop systems with plastic tanks are relatively affordable and easy to install. Underground cisterns and filtration systems are more expensive but offer greater capacity and durability. Long-term savings on water bills and reduced pressure on public water systems make RWH a cost-effective adaptation strategy.
Case-studies & Examples
Literature
- Coelman, I. (2024). The efficiency and feasibility of Rainwater harvesting systems in Aruba: An assessment using a multicriteria analysis, including the preferences of the Aruban community. In Mijts, E. Ballantyne, J. & Rodriguez, C. (2024). UAUCU Student Research Exchange – Collected Papers 2024. University of Aruba. 147-162
- Nisi, N., Barrett, S., Addison, S., Salman, M., Giusti, S. & Pék, E. (2024). Climate change, drought and agriculture in Small Island Developing States – Risks and adaptation options. Rome, FAO
- Witteveen & Bos. (2024). Climate change and adaptation efforts BES Islands
- Verweij, P., Cormont, A., de Rooij, B., Bolt, J., van den Burg, S., Kramer, H., Post, P., Tromp, S., & Jones-Walters, L. (2024). Exploring images of a future Aruba: A positive future for people and nature. (Report / Wageningen Environmental Research; No. 3400). Wageningen Environmental Research.
- Yang, L., Quinones, E. R., Yao, E. B., Lin, Q., Tang, Z., & Deng, Y. (2025). Making waves: Harnessing stormwater for resilient water supply-A blueprint for vulnerable continental coasts and oceanic islands. Water Research, 268, 122593.