Farmer training and extension services provide knowledge and tools to help farmers adapt to changing climate conditions. These programs teach climate-smart practices such as water-efficient irrigation, soil conservation, and agroforestry. They also introduce technologies like precision agriculture and early warning systems for droughts or storms. Extension services can include farmer-to-farmer knowledge exchange, community workshops, and digital platforms for sharing information. By improving skills and access to climate information, farmers can make better decisions, reduce risks, and maintain productivity under increasingly unpredictable weather..
Feasibility & Local Applicability
This approach is highly feasible in the Caribbean if adapted to local conditions. Curaçao, Aruba, and St. Martin have small-scale farming systems that can benefit from targeted training on water management and resilient crops. Partnerships with agricultural agencies, NGOs, and regional organizations can support implementation. Digital tools offer opportunities but must account for connectivity challenges in rural areas.
Co-benefits
Beyond climate resilience, extension services can reduce poverty by improving yields and income. They strengthen social networks and encourage collaboration among farmers. Training programs can also support data collection for research, helping governments design better adaptation policies. In some cases, improved practices can open access to niche markets for sustainable products.
Equity & Vulnerability Considerations
Programs should be inclusive, ensuring all farmers including women, have equal access to training and resources. Digital services must consider barriers such as lack of smartphones or internet access. Tailoring content to local languages and cultural practices is essential to avoid leaving vulnerable groups behind.
Costs
Medium | Costs are moderate and mainly involve training materials, staff, and technology platforms.
Case studies & Examples
- UNEP Blog: Farmers & Technology in Saint Kitts and Nevis
- FAO Blog: Extension Officers across the Caribbean trained in Farmer Field School
- Cardi Blog on Farmers Field School
Literature
- Clarkson, G., Dorward, P., Poskitt, S., Stern, R. D., Nyirongo, D., Fara, K., ... & Giraldo, D. (2022). Stimulating small-scale farmer innovation and adaptation with Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA): Lessons from successful implementation in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean and South Asia. Climate Services, 26, 100298.
- Maulu, S., Hasimuna, O. J., Mutale, B., Mphande, J., & Siankwilimba, E. (2021). Enhancing the role of rural agricultural extension programs in poverty alleviation: A review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 7(1).
- Nisi, N., Barrett, S., Addison, S., Salman, M., Giusti, S. & Pék, E. (2024). Climate change, drought and agriculture in Small Island Developing States – Risks and adaptation options . Rome , FAO.
- Sah, U., Singh, S. K., & Pal, J. K. (2021). Farmer-To-Farmer Extension (F2FE) approach for speedier dissemination of agricultural technologies: A review. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 91(10), 1419-1425.
- Singh, N. K., Sunitha, N. H., Tripathi, G., Saikanth, D. R. K., Sharma, A., Jose, A. E., & Mary, M. V. (2023). Impact of digital technologies in agricultural extension. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 41(9), 963-970.
- Staub, C. G., & Clarkson, G. (2021). Farmer-led participatory extension leads Haitian farmers to anticipate climate-related risks and adjust livelihood strategies. Journal of Rural Studies, 81, 235-245.