Vulnerability assessments are studies that identify which communities, sectors, or systems are most at risk from climate change. They examine three key factors: exposure to hazards such as hurricanes or sea-level rise, sensitivity to those hazards, and the capacity to adapt. This process helps governments and organizations understand where risks are highest and what measures are needed to reduce them. Vulnerability assessments provide important guidance in  decisions on resource allocation and adaptation planning.

Feasibility & Local Applicability

These assessments are feasible on small islands but can face challenges due to limited data and technical capacity. large-scale assessments require collaboration with universities, NGOs, and regional bodies. Using participatory approaches that include community input makes assessments more accurate and actionable.

Co-benefits

Conducting vulnerability assessments improves the efficiency of adaptation investments by targeting the most critical areas. They foster collaboration among government agencies, research institutions, and communities, which can open access to international climate finance. Strong assessments also enhance disaster preparedness and support sustainable development planning.

Equity & Vulnerability Considerations

Equity is a key concept to be incorporated in vulnerability assessments. Climate impacts are not evenly distributed; women, children, elderly people, and those living in informal settlements often face greater risks. Including local knowledge and participatory methods ensures that these groups are represented and that adaptation measures do not unintentionally increase inequality. Assessments should also consider cultural and linguistic diversity to make findings accessible to all.

Costs

Medium | Costs vary depending on the scope and methodology. Small-scale community assessments are relatively affordable, while national-level studies can be expensive due to data collection and technical analysis. Despite these costs, vulnerability assessments save money in the long term by preventing maladaptation and ensuring resources are used effectively. Funding can come from national budgets, regional development banks, and international climate adaptation programs.

Case-studies & Examples

• FAO & CANARI Toolkit for vulnerability and capacity assessments in Caribbean coastal and fishing communities
• Caribbean Development Bank. Climate and Disaster Vulnerability Scoring Works
• The Vulnerability Sourcebook

Literature

• Kasthala, S., Parthasarathy, D., Narayanan, K. et al. Classification and Evaluation of Current Climate Vulnerability Assessment Methods. Soc Indic Res 171, 605–639 (2024).
• Said, F.F., Kamis, M.M., Abdul Maulud, K.N. et al. Assessing climate change vulnerability in coastal communities: a composite vulnerability index approach in Kuala Gula, Malaysia. Environ Dev Sustain 26, 32409–32444 (2024).