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Integrated Vector Management

Integrated Vector Management (IVM) is a smart and flexible way to control mosquitoes and other disease-carrying insects. Instead of relying on just one method, IVM combines several approaches—like using insecticides, removing breeding sites, and introducing natural predators—to reduce mosquito populations. It also involves educating communities, improving surveillance, and working with different sectors such as health, sanitation, and agriculture. The goal is to make mosquito control more effective, affordable, and long-lasting.

IVM is especially important in the Caribbean, where climate change is making mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and Zika more common. Warmer temperatures and changing rainfall patterns create more breeding grounds for mosquitoes and allow them to spread to new areas. By linking mosquito control with climate and health monitoring, IVM helps predict and respond to outbreaks early. This makes it a key part of climate adaptation, helping communities stay healthier and more resilient as the climate changes. 

Feasibility & Local Applicability

IVM is highly feasible in small island developing states (SIDS) like Curaçao, Aruba, and St. Martin. These islands already face challenges with mosquito-borne diseases, and IVM offers a way to improve existing efforts by coordinating across sectors like health, sanitation, and urban planning. Local governments and health systems can build on current programs by training staff, using tools like GIS mapping, and involving communities in identifying and eliminating breeding sites. Studies in Curaçao have shown that strengthening health systems and surveillance can significantly improve outbreak response (Mulderij-Jansen et al., 2021). 

Co-benefits

Besides reducing disease risk, IVM helps improve public health overall. Cleaner environments and better waste management reduce other health hazards. Community involvement in vector control also builds awareness and resilience. By reducing the need for emergency responses to outbreaks, IVM supports long-term planning and stability in health systems. It also contributes to climate adaptation by linking disease control with environmental management and early warning systems. 

Equity & Vulnerability Considerations

IVM can help protect vulnerable groups, especially children, the elderly, and low-income communities who are more exposed to mosquito-borne diseases. These groups often live in areas with poor drainage or limited access to health services. By involving communities and tailoring interventions to local needs, IVM promotes fairness and inclusion. It’s important that programs are designed with input from affected populations and that resources are distributed equitably. 

Costs

Medium | While IVM requires investment in training, equipment, and coordination, it is cost-effective in the long run. Costs can be reduced by using local materials and involving community volunteers. The savings from fewer disease outbreaks and hospital visits make IVM a smart investment for island governments.

Case-studies & Examples

Literature

Adaptation Options Overzicht